Art Is Related to Its Other as Is a Magnet to a Field of Iron Filings
Magnetic Field,
The term magnetism comes from the region of Magnesia, a city in Western Turkey, where Greeks plant lodestones, which attracted iron pieces across the infinite.�� It is also observed that, magnets attract as well equally repel.� Nosotros can explain this dual nature of magnetic force by proposing that each magnet has two poles, northward pole (N) and southward pole (S).� Y'all volition observe 2 things during the activities:
1) When ii magnets are brought near each other, similar poles repel; opposite poles attract.
2) When a magnet is brought almost a piece of iron, the iron also gets attracted to the magnet, and it acquires the same ability to attract other pieces of fe.
We similar to stand for this force issue of a magnet on atomic number 26-similar objects with a concept chosen magnetic field.� The concept of field tin can be best understood if nosotros remember the gravitational strength of Globe on object near it.� We say that the mere presence of World sets up gravitational field in the surrounding space, and that we can represent this gravitational force effect with lines starting from Earth and radially diverging abroad to infinity.
Moon is defenseless in Globe�s field.� Likewise, the Astronaut in space walk is feeling the Earth�s gravity.� Infinite shuttle is also in the World�southward field. The reason why they don�t fall is beyond the scope of this course, but I will explain for completeness.� None of them fall towards Earth because they all accept enough horizontal speed to make around the Earth.� If yous were able to horizontally throw a baseball game at xviii,000 mi/h, I would also brand around the Earth and return to y'all.� Therefore, we stand for the Earth�s attractive gravitational force with field lines.� The direction of field lines represent the direction of force a body would experience effectually Earth, and the density of field lines (how closely they are separated) represents the strength of the forcefulness.� For example, closer you are to the Globe, stronger the force.
Similarly, a magnet sets upwards a magnetic field in its surrounding space in which it magnetically affects any other magnetic textile.� The forcefulness is represented by the density of the magnetic field lines.� Magnetic field lines are airtight curves leaving from Due north pole and entering the South pole when you follow them on the outside the magnet.�
A compass, which is a small magnet itself, lines up parallel to the magnetic field lines at the point it is placed.� The tip of the arrow is the North magnetic pole, and its finish is the Due south magnetic pole.
The building blocks of magnets are atoms, which are small tiny magnets.� Every bit far as the magnetism is concerned, we tin view an atom as if it is a tiny compass/magnet, pointing to the north direction.� Nosotros will see later that, the movement of electrons (moving electric charge) is the fundamental reason of magnetism.� For practical purposes nosotros can focus on a cluster of atoms, called magnetic domains that are aligned in a specific direction.� Each domain may consist of billions of aligned atoms.� Under normal conditions, a magnetic fabric like iron doesn�t carry similar a magnet because the domains don�t have a preferred direction of alignment.� On the other hand, the domains of a magnet (or a magnetized fe) are all aligned in s specific direction.� Domains are separated from the next domains past domain walls.� In general, alignment inside a domain is the aforementioned for all atoms of that domain.� However, the atoms of one domain are aligned in a different direction than the atoms of another domain.� This state of affairs is sketched below for a magnetic material, a magnetized material, and for a nonmagnetic cloth.� A nonmagnetic fabric doesn�t have any domain structure.
Domains can be induced into alignment.��� Consider a common iron nail.� Its domains are randomly oriented, like the beginning movie in a higher place.� If you lot bring a magnet is brought nearby, the domains of the atomic number 26 nail volition marshal in such a manner that, the n pole of iron domains volition face the south pole of the magnet, and visa versa.�
When you lot remove the magnet, the nail becomes permanent magnet for a while.� The thermal motion (remember the higher the temperature, the faster the atoms move) of atoms eventually may cause most of the atoms to return to random orientation.� Also, by dropping a magnet, not only volition you lot pause it, but you will also destroy the domain alignments.
Another way of making a permanent magnet is to stroke a piece of iron (or iron shaving which you lot will do equally an activeness) with a magnet. Iron shaving behave like tiny magnets.�
Electromagnet:
A wire coils like the 1 shown in the pic below, tin also produce magnetic field similar to that of a magnet.� If the inside if the coils is filled with a atomic number 26 core, the magnetic field fifty-fifty gets stronger due to the additional magnetism from the atomic number 26.
Source: https://www.utm.edu/staff/cerkal/magnetic.htm